Trailheads and Campgrounds
by Jan Hancock, Jeff Englemann and Jim Coffman
| CONTENTS | ||
| Acknowledgements and Credits | ||
| Foreword | ||
| Introduction | ||
| CHAPTER 1 – UNDERSTANDING EQUINES | ||
| 1.0 | Physical Needs of Equines | |
| 1.1 | Equine’s Response to Weather | |
| 1.2 | Spatial Needs of Equines | |
| 1.3 | Equine Characteristics Influencing Design | |
| 1.4 | Equine Gaits and Speeds | |
| 1.5 | Potential Destructive Equine Behavior | |
| CHAPTER 2 – EQUESTRIAN TRAIL SYSTEM PLANNING | ||
| 2.0 | Purpose and Benefits of Trail System Planning | |
| 2.1 | Integrating Equestrians Into the Trail Planning Process | |
| 2.2 | Equestrian-Oriented Trail System Planning Process | |
| CHAPTER 3 - EQUESTRIAN TRAIL DESIGN GUIDELINES | ||
| 3.0 | Trail Environments | |
| 3.1 | Trail Classifications | |
| 3.2 | Trail Design Guidelines Overview | |
| 3.3 | Detailed Equestrian Trail Design Guidelines | |
| 3.4 | At-Grade Crossings | |
| 3.5 | Bridges and Overpasses | |
| 3.6 | Culverst and Underpasses | |
| 3.7 | Trail Operations and Maintenance | |
| CHAPTER 4 - EQUESTRIAN TRAILHEAD DESIGN GUIDELINES | ||
| 4.0 | Site Selection | |
| 4.1 | Shared-Use Trailheads | |
| 4.2 | Topography and Layout | |
| 4.3 | Traffic and Roadways | |
| 4.4 | Grading and Drainage | |
| 4.5 | Parking | |
| 4.6 | Surface Materials | |
| 4.7 | Lighting and Other User-Activated Equipment Options | |
| 4.8 | Vegetation | |
| 4.9 | Equine Fencing and Tethering | |
| 4.10 | Equine Manure Disposal | |
| 4.11 | Examples of Trailhead Design Layouts | |
| CHAPTER 5 - EQUESTRIAN CAMPGROUND DESIGN GUIDELINES | ||
| 5.0 | Site Selection | |
| 6.0 | Topography and Layout | |
| 5.1 | Traffic and Road Layout | |
| 5.2 | Grading and Drainage | |
| 5.3 | Parking Pads | |
| 5.4 | Equine Pad Designs | |
| 5.5 | Small and Large Group Campground Areas | |
| 5.6 | Surface Materials | |
| 5.7 | Lighting | |
| 5.8 | Vegetation | |
| 5.9 | Equine Fencing and Tethering | |
| 5.10 | Equine Manure Disposal | |
| 5.11 | Examples of Campground Design Layouts | |
| CHAPTER 6 - EQUINE AMENITIES | ||
| 6.0 | Equine Safety and Comfort | |
| 6.1 | Corral Designs and Dimensions | |
| 6.2 | Corral Materials and Components | |
| 6.3 | Equine Watering Devices | |
| 6.4 | Equine Tethering | |
| 6.5 | Round Pens and Arenas | |
| 6.6 | Wash Racks | |
| CHAPTER 7 - EQUESTRIAN SIGNAGE DESIGN GUIDELINES | ||
| 7.0 | Sign Types | |
| 7.1 | Signage Narrative | |
| 7.3 | Information to Include in Signage | |
| 7.4 | Sign Design | |
| 7.5 | Sign Placement | |
| CHAPTER 8 - EQUINE FENCING, GATES AND CATTLEGUARDS | ||
| 8.0 | Equine Safety and Comfort | |
| 8.1 | Wire, Wood and Electric Fencing Materials | |
| 8.2 | Gates and Gate Mechanisms | |
| 8.3 | Cattleguard Devices | |
| CHAPTER 9 - DESIGNING FOR EQUESTRIANS WITH DISABILITIES | ||
| 9.0 | Providing Access to People with Disabilities | |
| 9.1 | LegislationRegarding Equestrian Accessibility | |
| 9.2 | Designing Accessible Equestrian Trails, Trailheads, and Campgrounds | |
| 9.3 | Mounting Blocks | |
| 9.4 | Mounting Ramps and Platforms | |
| 9.5 | Public Information for Equestrians with Disabilities | |
| 9.6 | Adaptive Equestrian Tack, Equipment, and Devices | |
| 9.7 | Additional Sources of Information for Equestrians with Disabilities | |
| CHAPTER 10 – HAZARDS TO EQUINES | ||
| 10.0 | Toxic Vegetation | |
| 10.1 | Why Horses Eat Toxic Vegetation | |
| 10.2 | Types of Plants and Quantities Most Toxic to Equines | |
| 10.3 | Equine Footing | |
| 10.4 | Equine Fencing | |
| 10.5 | Communicable Equine Diseases | |
| 10.6 | Bees, Mosquitoes and Stinging Insects | |
| 10.7 | Lightning | |
| 10.8 | Poisonous Reptiles | |
| 10.9 | Predators | |
| 10.10 | Vehicular Traffic | |
| CHAPTER 11 - REDUCING EQUINE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS | ||
| 11.0 | Equine Guidelines for Trail Use | |
| 11.1 | Equestrian Guidelines for Trail Use | |
| 11.2 | Equestrian Guidelines for Camping | |
| 11.3 | Equine Tethering | |
| 11.4 | Equine Feed | |
| 11.5 | Planning Ahead to Reduce Impacts | |
| 11.6 | “Leave No Trace” Guidelines | |
| 11.7 | Equestrians’ Impacts on Water Quality and Fish Habitat | |
| 11.8 | Effect of Equine Excrement on the Environment | |
| CHAPTER 12 - EQUINE LIABILITY CONSIDERATIONS | ||
| 12.0 | Public Land Management Concern | |
| 12.1 | Private Property Owner Concerns | |
| 12.2 | Safety and Emergency Access | |
| 12.3 | Conflicts with Motorized Vehicles | |
| 12.4 | Competitive and Group Equestrian Trail Events | |
| 12.5 | Insurance Guidelines | |
| 12.6 | Liability Guidelines | |
| CHAPTER 13 - PUBLIC INFORMATION GUIDELINES | ||
| 13.0 | Maps for Trails, Trailheads, and Campgrounds | |
| 13.1 | Detailed Directions to Access and Staging Areas | |
| 13.2 | Access Road Condition | |
| 13.3 | Access and Staging Area Information | |
| 13.4 | Available Water Sources | |
| 13.5 | Equine Tethering or Corral Amenities | |
| 13.6 | Trail Elevations | |
| 13.7 | Trail Tread Descriptions | |
| 13.8 | Trail Levels of Difficulty | |
| 13.9 | Distances Between Access Points | |
| 13.10 | Best Seasons of Use | |
| 13.11 | Land Management or Jurisdiction Information | |
| 13.12 | Toxic Vegetation | |
| 13.13 | Bridges, Underpasses, and Water Crossings | |
| 13.14 | Gate Types and Locations | |
| 13.15 | Seasonal Use Information | |
| 13.16 | Areas Limiting or Prohibiting Equestrian Use | |
| 13.17 | Insect, Predator, and Poisonous Creature Warnings | |
| 13.18 | Emergency Assistance and Law Enforcement | |
| CHAPTER 14 - EQUESTRIAN FUNDING AND PARTNERSHIP OPPORTUNITIES | ||
| 14.0 | General Funding Sources | |
| 14.1 | Developing Funding Requests | |
| 14.2 | Partnership Opportunities | |
| 14.3 | Table of Equestrian Funding Information | |
| 14.4 | Fund Raising Ideas for Equestrians | |
| CHAPTER 15 - EQUESTRIAN VOLUNTEER INVOLVEMENT AND OPPORTUNITIES | ||
| 15.0 | The 3 R’s of Volunteer Involvement | |
| 15.1 | Volunteer Opportunities | |
| 15.2 | Equestrian and Trail Organizations | |
| CHAPTER 16 - CASE STUDIES | ||
| Appendix | ||
| List of Charts, Tables and Illustrations | ||
| Glossary | ||
| References | ||
| About the Authors | ||
| Index |
